Subsea
flowlines are used for the transportation of crude oil and gas from subsea
wells, manifolds, off-shore process facilities, loading buoys, S2B (subsea to
beach), as well as re-injection of water and gas into the reservoir. Achieving
successful tie-in and connection of subsea flowlines is a vital part of a
subsea field development.
- Vertical
Tie-in
Vertical
connections are installed directly onto the receiving hub in one operation
during tie-in. Since the Vertical Connection System does not require a pull-in
capability, it simplifies the tool functions, provides a time efficient tie-in
operation and reduce the length of Rigid Spools. Stroking and connection is
carried out by the the Connector itself, or by the ROV operated Connector
Actuation Tool (CAT) System.
- Horizontal
Tie-in
Horizontal
Tie-in may be used for both firstend and second-end tie-in of both flowlines,
umbilicals and Jumper spools. The termination head is hauled in to the Tie-in
point by use of a subsea winch. Horizontal Tie-in may be made up by Clamp
Connectors operated from a Tie-in tool, by integrated hydraulic connectors
operated through the ROV, or by non-hydraulic collet connectors with assistance
from a Connector Actuation Tool (CAT) and ROV. Horizontal connections leave the
flowline/ umbilical in a straight line, and is easy to protect if overtrawling
from fishermen should occur.
Each
tie-in and connection point require some form of subsea base structure. This
base may be on a single well structure, a template, a manifold, or other
individual structure such as a Riser Base, a Pipeline End Manifold (PLEM), a
Pipeline End Termination (PLET) or an In-line Tee.
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